Lamivudine

Lamivudine is an antiviral medicine that stops the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B virus from growing in your body.

Epivir is used to treat HIV in adults and children who are at least 3 months old. HIV is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Epivir is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.

Epivir-HBV is used to treat hepatitis B in adults and children who are at least 2 years old. Epivir-HBV should not be used by people who are infected with both hepatitis B and HIV.

Lamivudine may also be used for other reasons not listed in this medication guide.

Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed. You should not take Epivir (for treating HIV) along with Epivir-HBV (for treating hepatitis B).

You may take lamivudine with or without food.

Lamivudine doses are based on weight in children. Your child's dose may change if they gain or lose weight. Children who weigh more than 30 pounds (14 kilograms) should use the tablet form of lamivudine if possible. Lamivudine liquid may not be as effective.

You may need to break an Epivir tablet in half when giving lamivudine to a child for HIV. Call your doctor if the child has any trouble swallowing the tablet.

Measure liquid medicine carefully. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon).

The Epivir brand contains a higher dose of lamivudine than the Epivir-HBV brand. Epivir is for treating HIV and Epivir-HBV is for treating hepatitis B. Each time you get a refill of this medication, make sure you have received the correct brand to treat your condition.

You will need frequent medical tests, including frequent HIV testing. If you become infected with HIV while taking lamivudine to treat hepatitis B, the HIV could become resistant to antiviral medicines if not treated right away.

The hepatitis B virus can change while you are taking Epivir-HBV and may become resistant to treatment. Resistant hepatitis B can lead to worsening liver disease or death. Tell your doctor if you have new or worsening hepatitis symptoms.

Use all HIV medications as directed and read all medication guides you receive. Do not change your dose or dosing schedule without your doctor's advice. Every person with HIV should remain under the care of a doctor.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.

If you've ever had hepatitis B, this virus may become active or get worse in the months after you stop using lamivudine. You may need frequent liver function tests while using this medicine and for several months after your last dose.

You should not take Epivir-HBV (for treating hepatitis B) if you are also taking other medicine that contains lamivudine or emtricitabine.

Lamivudine can cause severe or life-threatening problems with your liver or pancreas. Call your doctor immediately if you experience: severe pain in your upper stomach that spreads to your back, nausea, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

If you have ever had hepatitis B, it may become active or worsen after you stop using lamivudine. You may need to have liver function tests often for several months.

The hepatitis B virus may become resistant to treatment while you are taking Epivir-HBV. Resistant hepatitis B can lead to worsening liver disease or death. Inform your doctor if you have new symptoms of hepatitis.

You should not take lamivudine if you are allergic to it.

You should not take Epivir-HBV (for treating hepatitis B) if you are also taking other medicines that contain lamivudine or emtricitabine, which includes Atripla, Biktarvy, Cimduo, Combivir, Complera, Descovy, Emtriva, Epzicom, Genvoya, Odefsey, Stribild, Symfi, Triumeq, Trizivir, and Truvada.

Tell your doctor if you have ever had:

• liver disease (especially hepatitis B or C, or a liver transplant);
• pancreatitis;
• kidney disease; or
• diabetes (liquid lamivudine contains 3 to 4 grams of sucrose per dose).

You may develop lactic acidosis, which is a dangerous build-up of lactic acid in your blood. This may be more likely if you have other medical conditions, if you've taken HIV medication for a long time, or if you are a woman. Ask your doctor about your risk.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, and use your medications properly to control your infection. HIV can be passed to your baby if the virus is not controlled during pregnancy. Your name may be listed on a registry to track any effects of antiviral medicine on the baby.

You should not breastfeed while you are using lamivudine to treat hepatitis B. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breastfeed a baby. Even if your baby is born without HIV, the virus may be passed to the baby in your breast milk.

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Mild symptoms of lactic acidosis may worsen over time, and this condition can be fatal. Get emergency medical help if you have: unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, vomiting, irregular heart rate, dizziness, feeling cold, or feeling very weak or tired.

Lamivudine may cause serious side effects. Call your doctor immediately if you have:

• pancreas problems--severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate; or
• liver problems--swelling around your midsection, right-sided upper stomach pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Lamivudine affects your immune system, which may cause certain side effects (even weeks or months after you've taken lamivudine). Tell your doctor if you have:

• signs of a new infection--fever, night sweats, swollen glands, cold sores, cough, wheezing, diarrhea, weight loss;
• trouble speaking or swallowing, problems with balance or eye movement, weakness or a prickly feeling; or
• swelling in your neck or throat (enlarged thyroid), changes in your menstrual cycle, impotence.

Common side effects of lamivudine may include:

• nausea, diarrhea;
• headache;
• fever, tiredness, general ill feeling;
• ear infection--ear pain or a feeling of fullness, trouble hearing, drainage from the ear, fussiness in a child; or
• nose or throat infection--stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Take the medicine as soon as possible, but skip the missed dose if it is nearly time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at the same time.

Get your prescription refilled before you completely run out of medicine.

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

• Avoid taking other medications that contain an ingredient called sorbitol, often used as a sweetener in liquid medicines. Ask your pharmacist if you are not sure a medicine contains this ingredient.

Using lamivudine will not prevent your disease from spreading. Talk with your doctor about safe ways to prevent HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Other drugs can affect lamivudine, and some drugs should not be used at the same time. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed here.