NSAIDs explained: ibuprofen, naproxen and stomach risk
NSAIDs are effective for pain and inflammation, but they are not risk-free. Learn who should be cautious and how to use them safely.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce pain, fever and swelling. Ibuprofen and naproxen are available without a prescription; stronger versions are prescribed.
How they work
NSAIDs block enzymes involved in producing prostaglandins, chemicals that contribute to pain and inflammation. The same enzymes help protect the stomach lining, which explains the main side effects.
Who should be careful
People with stomach ulcers, kidney disease, heart failure or a previous allergic reaction to aspirin or another NSAID should generally avoid them. Older adults and people taking blood thinners are at higher risk of bleeding.
Practical advice
Take the lowest effective dose for the shortest time, with food. Do not combine two NSAIDs. If you need pain relief for more than a few days, speak to a pharmacist or doctor about alternatives.